Anders Johan Wiborg - Sideversjonshistorikk

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2016-02-08T16:31:45Z

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	[[Kategori: Lesja kommune]]		[[Kategori: Lesja kommune]]
	[[Kategori: Klokkere]]		[[Kategori: Klokkere]]
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Cnyborg på 19. feb. 2014 kl. 07:40

2014-02-19T07:40:09Z

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Wiborg: Anders Johan Friderichsen Wiborg

2014-02-19T01:55:03Z

Anders Johan Friderichsen Wiborg

← Eldre sideversjon		Sideversjonen fra 19. feb. 2014 kl. 01:55
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	'''Anders Johan Wiborg''' war [[Klokkarar i Lesja prestegjeld\|klokkar i Lesja prestegjeld]] frå før 1801 - 1838. Han var son til førre klokkar, [[Fredrik Nikolai Andersson Wiborg\|Fredrik Nikolai Wiborg]]. Han ble født 1769, døde 1838, gift, overtok Sili (1-11) etter foreldra ca 1790.<ref name=Kj> Kjelland, Arnfinn: ''[[Bygdebok for Lesja]]: Gards og slektshistorie for søre del av Lesja hovudsokn''; 1996; s. 300 - 303 </ref><ref name=B> Berg, Per: ''Ei Wiborg-ættegrein på Lesja 1751 – 1900''; Hedmark Slektshistorielags Jubileumsskrift, s. 119-126, Hamar, Norway 1964 </ref><ref name=W>Wiborg, Geir Steinar: WIBORG. En slektsgren med bakgrunn i det gamle norske bondesamfunnet; Gjøvik 1995</ref>		'''Anders Johan Wiborg''' (Anders Johan Friderichsen Wiborg eller Viborg) war [[Klokkarar i Lesja prestegjeld\|klokkar i Lesja prestegjeld]] frå før 1801 - 1838. Han var son til førre klokkar, [[Fredrik Nikolai Andersson Wiborg\|Fredrik Nikolai Wiborg]]. Han ble født 1769, døde 1838, gift, overtok Sili (1-11) etter foreldra ca 1790.<ref name=Kj> Kjelland, Arnfinn: ''[[Bygdebok for Lesja]]: Gards og slektshistorie for søre del av Lesja hovudsokn''; 1996; s. 300 - 303 </ref><ref name=B> Berg, Per: ''Ei Wiborg-ættegrein på Lesja 1751 – 1900''; Hedmark Slektshistorielags Jubileumsskrift, s. 119-126, Hamar, Norway 1964 </ref><ref name=W>Wiborg, Geir Steinar: WIBORG. En slektsgren med bakgrunn i det gamle norske bondesamfunnet; Gjøvik 1995</ref>

	The church records for Lesja (page 582, number 6 for 1769) indicate he was born on 19 April 1769 and baptized as Anders Johan Friderichsen Wiborg on 26 April 1769. His parents were Friderich Nicolai Wiborg and Ingeborg Linneman. His godparents were Captain Casper Zeigler, Herr Lieutenant Berent Hartvig von Rappe, Capelanen Steen Meldel Feldtmann, Madame Anna Maragrethe Smidt, Jomfrue Catarina Hedvig Ornning, and Jomfrue Fridericha Fischer. He is identified in the 1801 Norwegian census as sexton and farmer at Sili.		The church records for Lesja (page 582, number 6 for 1769) indicate he was born on 19 April 1769 and baptized as Anders Johan Friderichsen Wiborg on 26 April 1769. His parents were Friderich Nicolai Wiborg and Ingeborg Linneman. His godparents were Captain Casper Zeigler, Herr Lieutenant Berent Hartvig von Rappe, Capelanen Steen Meldel Feldtmann, Madame Anna Maragrethe Smidt, Jomfrue Catarina Hedvig Ornning, and Jomfrue Fridericha Fischer. He is identified in the 1801 Norwegian census as sexton and farmer at Sili.

Wiborg: /* Controversy */

2014-02-19T01:53:51Z

Controversy

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	Ander's paternal grandmother, Marthe Hansdatter Modfeldt was the daughter of Johan Borchersen Madfeldt (the priest at Romedal from 1665 – 1674) and Mette Nielsdatter Hofer. Ander's paternal great-grandfather was Niels Christensen Hofer or Hofver (the priest at Romedal from 1655 – 1665) and her mother was Ingeborg Evensdatter, daughter of Kristiania merchant Even Anderssen and his wife Marthe Hansdatter.<ref name=M2/> Ander's maternal great-grandmother was sister of two priests (Ole Evensen at [[Biri]] and Anders Evensen at [[Trøgstad kommune\|Trøgstad]]) as well as niece of Christen Steffensen Bang, the priest at Romedal from 1621 – 1655, who subsequently established Norway's first printing-house.<ref name =M>Morthoff, Bjarne: Romedal Bygdebok, Bind II, s 17-51 </ref>		Ander's paternal grandmother, Marthe Hansdatter Modfeldt was the daughter of Johan Borchersen Madfeldt (the priest at Romedal from 1665 – 1674) and Mette Nielsdatter Hofer. Ander's paternal great-grandfather was Niels Christensen Hofer or Hofver (the priest at Romedal from 1655 – 1665) and her mother was Ingeborg Evensdatter, daughter of Kristiania merchant Even Anderssen and his wife Marthe Hansdatter.<ref name=M2/> Ander's maternal great-grandmother was sister of two priests (Ole Evensen at [[Biri]] and Anders Evensen at [[Trøgstad kommune\|Trøgstad]]) as well as niece of Christen Steffensen Bang, the priest at Romedal from 1621 – 1655, who subsequently established Norway's first printing-house.<ref name =M>Morthoff, Bjarne: Romedal Bygdebok, Bind II, s 17-51 </ref>

	==Controversy==		==Controversy and criticism ==

	[[Ivar Kleiven]], in his book "Lesja & Dovre" criticized the Wiborg family as promoting law suits and community disputes. He also mentions this in his book "Lom og Skjaak", where he observes:		[[Ivar Kleiven]], in his book "Lesja & Dovre" criticized the Wiborg family as promoting law suits and community disputes. He also mentions this in his book "Lom og Skjaak", where he observes:

Wiborg: /* Skill at education */ ref missing

2014-02-19T01:53:07Z

Skill at education: ref missing

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	It would help to have some perspective on Norwegian education of the period in the upper Gudbrandsdal. In 1805 a countrywide survey of the ministers about sextons and schoolmasters was performed. The minister in Lom (a parish adjacent to Lesja) responded that none of the Lom schoolteachers had been educated at a teacher’s school except Lars Henriksen Wiborg, who had recently been accepted as schoolmaster.<ref>State Archives, Oslo, Kristiania bishops archive, sextons, package 8, letter from H. Arntzen dated Lom churchyard on 5 December 1805.</ref>		It would help to have some perspective on Norwegian education of the period in the upper Gudbrandsdal. In 1805 a countrywide survey of the ministers about sextons and schoolmasters was performed. The minister in Lom (a parish adjacent to Lesja) responded that none of the Lom schoolteachers had been educated at a teacher’s school except Lars Henriksen Wiborg, who had recently been accepted as schoolmaster.<ref>State Archives, Oslo, Kristiania bishops archive, sextons, package 8, letter from H. Arntzen dated Lom churchyard on 5 December 1805.</ref>

			Before 1800 sextons were not trained as teachers. When the ordinance was published providing that one of the teachers of the parish should also be sexton, there were many older people in the position, but it was provided that they should continue as before. And in 1811 Bishop Blech wrote: "The local sexton Wiborg is an industrious and good man. But as he is not as the regulations provide, a teacher, and since he cannot now meet the qualifications required, he must repay the school treasury the cost of a school teacher's salary starting from the beginning of the year."

	===Place in folk history===		===Place in folk history===

Wiborg: /* Court case promotion */ Promoting legal wrangling

2014-02-19T00:42:41Z

Court case promotion: Promoting legal wrangling

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	From this distance we can not tell whether Anders Wiborg was too proud of his wealth, whether the minister Jordhøy found it difficult that Wiborg had more money than seemed appropriate, or a third option. It does seem likely that the truth lies somewhere in between.		From this distance we can not tell whether Anders Wiborg was too proud of his wealth, whether the minister Jordhøy found it difficult that Wiborg had more money than seemed appropriate, or a third option. It does seem likely that the truth lies somewhere in between.

	===~~Court case promotion~~===		===Promoting legal wrangling===

	Kleiven further mentions that the three clerks in the Gudbrandsdal often:		Kleiven further mentions that the three clerks in the Gudbrandsdal often:
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	G.S. Wiborg believes there is probably an element of truth in this assertion, but suggests that Kleiven’s assessment is probably overstated. Kleiven may have misconstrued circumstances in part, as Per Berg explains in his article titled “Ei Wiborg-ættgrein a Lesja 1751-1900” in which Berg points out that Kleiven appears to have conflated sexton Anders Wiborg in Lesja with the lawyer Anders (Olsen) Wiborg when he wrote his local history. The first was the sexton in Lesja from 1785, and before that was adjutant sexton along with his father, sexton Fredrick Wiborg - there is no evidence that the sexton Anders Wiborg was involved in suites. On the other hand lawyer Anders Wiborg, a completely different person, certainly initiated many debt collection suits in Lesja community from 1785 on, and also initiated numerous suits throughout the entire Gudbrandsdal valley.<Ref name=W/><ref name=B/>		G.S. Wiborg believes there is probably an element of truth in this assertion, but suggests that Kleiven’s assessment is probably overstated. Kleiven may have misconstrued circumstances in part, as Per Berg explains in his article titled “Ei Wiborg-ættgrein a Lesja 1751-1900” in which Berg points out that Kleiven appears to have conflated sexton Anders Wiborg in Lesja with the lawyer Anders (Olsen) Wiborg when he wrote his local history. The first was the sexton in Lesja from 1785, and before that was adjutant sexton along with his father, sexton Fredrick Wiborg - there is no evidence that the sexton Anders Wiborg was involved in suites. On the other hand lawyer Anders Wiborg, a completely different person, certainly initiated many debt collection suits in Lesja community from 1785 on, and also initiated numerous suits throughout the entire Gudbrandsdal valley.<Ref name=W/><ref name=B/>

	GS Wiborg further exculpates the sexton Anders Wiborg by pointing out that Kleiven's assertions about the Lesja sexton might also have been colored because the sexton in Lom, Henrik Wiborg, who succeeded his father (Ole Wiborg) as bailiff in Lom and served through the 1770s, became sexton at Lom in 1783. As bailiffs in the Lom law proceedings throughout the 1770s and 1780s, it is hardly surprising that the Wiborg name routinely appears in the records of the period. Thus Kleiven’s conclusion that the Wiborg name appears appears frequently in the legal records for Gudbrandsdal during the period from 1772 until 1808 had a basis, and it is possible for some to interpret these appearances as a Wiborg family inclination to lawsuits.<Ref name=W/>		GS Wiborg further exculpates the sexton Anders Wiborg by pointing out that Kleiven's assertions about the Lesja sexton might also have been colored because the sexton in Lom, Henrik Wiborg, who succeeded his father (Ole Wiborg) as bailiff in Lom and served through the 1770s, became sexton at Lom in 1783. As bailiffs in the Lom law proceedings throughout the 1770s and 1780s, it is hardly surprising that the Wiborg name routinely appears in the records of the period. Thus Kleiven’s conclusion that the Wiborg name appears appears frequently in the legal records for Gudbrandsdal during the period from 1772 until 1808 had a basis, and it is possible for some to interpret these appearances as a Wiborg family inclination to lawsuits.<Ref name=W/>

	===Skill at education===		===Skill at education===

Wiborg: /* Self satisfaction */ pride

2014-02-19T00:39:51Z

Self satisfaction: pride

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	Before the 1800s temperance in use of alcohol was very rarely advocated or practiced and was a movement that gained momentum in the early 1800s.<ref>State Archives of Hamar, Kristians County, in delivery (A), package 159 (letter from the bailiff [top operational administrative official in the county] to governor [chief administrative official of a county]), letter from governor Torstein Andvord, dated at Samstad on 16 May 1808. (It is evident from the bailiff's accounts of Gudbrandsdal for the year 1800 that it is illegal to distill liquor at home and to sell liquor, unless done as part of an inn. On May 29, 1807 distilling spirits from grains other than wheat was banned in Denmark and Norway, and on April 14, 1808 a circular was published banning all liquor distilling. Source: “King Christian VII regulations and directives” (1807), page 53 and accompanying; from the august Wessel Berg: “Receipts, Resolutions and Collegial letters for Norway 1660-1813”, 14 April 1806.)</ref> Several temperance societies began in the 1830s in Norway and an organized temperance movement began in 1844. The Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy was in favor of temperance (according to Ivar Kleiven). Hence it is easy to understand that he would strongly discourage drinking by his sexton.		Before the 1800s temperance in use of alcohol was very rarely advocated or practiced and was a movement that gained momentum in the early 1800s.<ref>State Archives of Hamar, Kristians County, in delivery (A), package 159 (letter from the bailiff [top operational administrative official in the county] to governor [chief administrative official of a county]), letter from governor Torstein Andvord, dated at Samstad on 16 May 1808. (It is evident from the bailiff's accounts of Gudbrandsdal for the year 1800 that it is illegal to distill liquor at home and to sell liquor, unless done as part of an inn. On May 29, 1807 distilling spirits from grains other than wheat was banned in Denmark and Norway, and on April 14, 1808 a circular was published banning all liquor distilling. Source: “King Christian VII regulations and directives” (1807), page 53 and accompanying; from the august Wessel Berg: “Receipts, Resolutions and Collegial letters for Norway 1660-1813”, 14 April 1806.)</ref> Several temperance societies began in the 1830s in Norway and an organized temperance movement began in 1844. The Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy was in favor of temperance (according to Ivar Kleiven). Hence it is easy to understand that he would strongly discourage drinking by his sexton.

	===~~Self satisfaction~~===		===Pride===
	[[Ivar Kleiven]] further suggested that Anders was overly proud of his financial success and perhaps of his family connections. Kleiven records a story to illustrate this,		[[Ivar Kleiven]] further suggested that Anders was overly proud of his financial success and perhaps of his family connections. Kleiven records a story to illustrate this,
	::“Jordhøy was a man of eloquence and wit, able to amuse himself over things he found funny. With the sexton at Lesja, Anders Wiborg, the priest had a slightly-off-kilter relationship and he occasionally spoke to him sharply. Wiborg was a prosperous man and the priest thought he made too much of himself. So on one Sunday, as they rode over Dombas moor (heath), the priest and sexton on their way to the church in Dovre; suddenly the priest started chuckling and laughed so heartily, that the sexton eventually had to ask what he found so funny. ‘Certainly, I have heard that the sexton shall have a leg of mutton at the home of every farmer in Dovre, but now it appears that the sexton is without meat’, responded the priest, and laughed as before.<ref>Ivar Kleiven: “Lesja og Dovre” (Kristiania 1923), page 145 and following</ref>”		::“Jordhøy was a man of eloquence and wit, able to amuse himself over things he found funny. With the sexton at Lesja, Anders Wiborg, the priest had a slightly-off-kilter relationship and he occasionally spoke to him sharply. Wiborg was a prosperous man and the priest thought he made too much of himself. So on one Sunday, as they rode over Dombas moor (heath), the priest and sexton on their way to the church in Dovre; suddenly the priest started chuckling and laughed so heartily, that the sexton eventually had to ask what he found so funny. ‘Certainly, I have heard that the sexton shall have a leg of mutton at the home of every farmer in Dovre, but now it appears that the sexton is without meat’, responded the priest, and laughed as before.<ref>Ivar Kleiven: “Lesja og Dovre” (Kristiania 1923), page 145 and following</ref>”

	We've seen above that Wiborg had enjoyed some ~~financail~~ success and it is credible that he may have been overly self-satisfied. It is clear that the Wiborg family was somewhat connected within Gudbrandsdal in that period. Anders himself descended from an army officer and a number of his great uncles are military officers. His grandparents and great grandparents include several ministers. Members of the family were lawyers, bailiffs and sextons throughout the upper Gudbrandsdal. It is possible he was overly proud of this as well.		We've seen above that Wiborg had enjoyed some financial success and it is credible that he may have been overly self-satisfied. It is clear that the Wiborg family was somewhat connected within Gudbrandsdal in that period. Anders himself descended from an army officer and a number of his great uncles are military officers. His grandparents and great grandparents include several ministers. Members of the family were lawyers, bailiffs and sextons throughout the upper Gudbrandsdal. It is possible he was overly proud of this as well.

	Ivar Kleiven provides more useful insight, indicating that the minister Jordhøy was a typical minister of the rationalistic school. Kleiven emphasizes that minister Jordhøy had many excellent traits and was a very humorous, good-natured person on numerous occasions. He was an early and strong advocate for temperance. On a less favorable note, Kleiven also mentions that minister Jordhøy was covetous (a lover of money), and he enjoyed playing cards when real money was at stake.<ref>Ivar Kleiven: “Lesja og Dovre” (Kristiania 1923) page 145-147</ref>		Ivar Kleiven provides more useful insight, indicating that the minister Jordhøy was a typical minister of the rationalistic school. Kleiven emphasizes that minister Jordhøy had many excellent traits and was a very humorous, good-natured person on numerous occasions. He was an early and strong advocate for temperance. On a less favorable note, Kleiven also mentions that minister Jordhøy was covetous (a lover of money), and he enjoyed playing cards when real money was at stake.<ref>Ivar Kleiven: “Lesja og Dovre” (Kristiania 1923) page 145-147</ref>

Wiborg: /* Self satisfaction */

2014-02-19T00:04:35Z

Self satisfaction

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	We've seen above that Wiborg had enjoyed some financail success and it is credible that he may have been overly self-satisfied. It is clear that the Wiborg family was somewhat connected within Gudbrandsdal in that period. Anders himself descended from an army officer and a number of his great uncles are military officers. His grandparents and great grandparents include several ministers. Members of the family were lawyers, bailiffs and sextons throughout the upper Gudbrandsdal. It is possible he was overly proud of this as well.		We've seen above that Wiborg had enjoyed some financail success and it is credible that he may have been overly self-satisfied. It is clear that the Wiborg family was somewhat connected within Gudbrandsdal in that period. Anders himself descended from an army officer and a number of his great uncles are military officers. His grandparents and great grandparents include several ministers. Members of the family were lawyers, bailiffs and sextons throughout the upper Gudbrandsdal. It is possible he was overly proud of this as well.

			Ivar Kleiven provides more useful insight, indicating that the minister Jordhøy was a typical minister of the rationalistic school. Kleiven emphasizes that minister Jordhøy had many excellent traits and was a very humorous, good-natured person on numerous occasions. He was an early and strong advocate for temperance. On a less favorable note, Kleiven also mentions that minister Jordhøy was covetous (a lover of money), and he enjoyed playing cards when real money was at stake.<ref>Ivar Kleiven: “Lesja og Dovre” (Kristiania 1923) page 145-147</ref>

			From this distance we can not tell whether Anders Wiborg was too proud of his wealth, whether the minister Jordhøy found it difficult that Wiborg had more money than seemed appropriate, or a third option. It does seem likely that the truth lies somewhere in between.

	===Court case promotion===		===Court case promotion===

Wiborg: /* Fondness for drink */

2014-02-18T23:47:41Z

Fondness for drink

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	===Fondness for drink===		===Fondness for drink===
	[[Ivar Kleiven]] suggested that Anders was excessively fond of alcoholic drink. Kleiven based some of his comments on Jakob Olsen Sønstebø’s diary, which he quotes as including several stories critical of the Wiborg sextons (probably focused on Fredrik’s son, Andrew). The first story (roughly translated into English) goes:		[[Ivar Kleiven]] suggested that Anders was excessively fond of alcoholic drink. Kleiven based some of his comments on Jakob Olsen Sønstebø’s diary, which he quotes as including several stories critical of the Wiborg sextons (probably focused on Fredrik’s son, Andrew). The first story (roughly translated into English) goes:
	::“''When he and the sexton were in Folldal the Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy kept a good pace so the sexton wouldn't have time to find something to drink before they moved on. They always took a rest at Synstbø before they took to the mountains, and at that farm the priest had forbidden the residents to let Wiborg have any strong drink to go. But the fox is not easy to shepherd, as they've said from old, every time those two were well in the sleigh or cariole and about to drive from the farm, the sexton had forgotten something in the house, his pipe, whip or mittens which he just had to go back after. And in the cabinet the bottle stood full so the woman could hurriedly pour a drink for the sexton.''”<ref name=Kl>Kleiven, Ivar: Gamal bondekultur i Gudbrandsdalen: Lesja og Dovre. 1923 </ref><ref name=W/>		::“''When he and the sexton were in Folldal the Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy kept a good pace so the sexton wouldn't have time to find something to drink before they moved on. They always took a rest at Synstbø before they took to the mountains, and at that farm the priest had forbidden the residents to let Wiborg have any strong drink to go. But the fox is not easy to shepherd, as they've said from old, every time those two were well in the sleigh or cariole and about to drive from the farm, the sexton had forgotten something in the house, his pipe, whip or mittens which he just had to go back after. And in the cabinet the bottle stood full so the woman could hurriedly pour a drink for the sexton.''”<ref name=Kl>Kleiven, Ivar: Gamal bondekultur i Gudbrandsdalen: Lesja og Dovre. 1923 </ref><ref>The original source of this story is a diary kept by author Jakob Olsen Sønstebø 1788-1874 from 1812 to 1874. When he began writing he was one of the school teachers in Lesja.</ref><ref name=W/>

	When Kleiven reported that the Wiborgs in Lom, Lesja and Fron were heavy drinkers, he does not mention that in that period alcohol abuse was a serious issue in the old farm community as a whole. In 1775, Gerhard Schøning mentioned in his report of his journey through Gudbrandsdal that alcohol consumption was extensive in Lom and Vågå.<ref name =S>Gerhard Schøning: "Reise som giennem en Deel af Norge i de Aar 1773, 1774, 1775 paa Hans Majestets Kongens Bekostning er giort og beskreven af Gerhard Schøning", [Travel through a part of Norway in the years 1773, 1774, and 1775 paid by the Royal Majesty and undertaken and reported by G. S.], special edition related to Gudbrandsdalen and Hedemarken; Tapir publishing company, Trondheim 1980; p. 73.</ref> This trend continued. In 1808 Bailiff Torstein Andvord confiscated and sealed by direction (the bailiff was responsible for tax collection in rural districts) a total of 122 distilleries in the municipality of [[Lom]] according to the ting records.<ref>State Archives of Hamar, Kristians County, in delivery (A), package 159 (letter from the bailiff [top operational administrative official in the county] to governor [chief administrative official of a county]), letter from governor Torstein Andvord, dated at Samstad on 16 May 1808. (It is evident from the bailiff's accounts of Gudbrandsdal for the year 1800 that it is illegal to distill liquor at home and to sell liquor, unless done as part of an inn. On May 29, 1807 distilling spirits from grains other than wheat was banned in Denmark and Norway, and on April 14, 1808 a circular was published banning all liquor distilling. Source: “King Christian VII regulations and directives” (1807), page 53 and accompanying; from the august Wessel Berg: “Receipts, Resolutions and Collegial letters for Norway 1660-1813”, 14 April 1806.)</ref> ~~Temperance was a movement that started~~ in the ~~early 1800s~~.~~<ref>State Archives of Hamar, Kristians County, in delivery (~~A), ~~package 159 (letter from~~ the ~~bailiff [top operational administrative official in~~ the ~~county] to governor [chief administrative official~~ of a ~~county]), letter from governor Torstein Andvord, dated at Samstad on 16 May 1808. (It~~ is ~~evident from~~ the ~~bailiff's accounts~~ of ~~Gudbrandsdal for~~ the ~~year 1800 that it~~ is ~~illegal to distill liquor at home~~ and to ~~sell liquor~~, ~~unless done as part~~ of ~~an inn.~~ ~~On May 29~~, ~~1807 distilling spirits from grains other than wheat was banned in Denmark and Norway~~, ~~and on April 14~~, ~~1808 a circular was published banning all liquor distilling~~. ~~Source~~: ~~“King Christian VII regulations and directives” (1807)~~, ~~page 53 and accompanying; from the august Wessel Berg: “Receipts~~, ~~Resolutions and Collegial letters for Norway 1660~~-~~1813”, 14 April 1806~~.) </ref> ~~Before this period total abstinence from alcohol was very rarely advocated or practiced.~~		When Kleiven reported that the Wiborgs in Lom, Lesja and Fron were heavy drinkers, he does not mention that in that period alcohol abuse was a serious issue in the old farm community as a whole. In 1775, Gerhard Schøning mentioned in his report of his journey through Gudbrandsdal that alcohol consumption was extensive in Lom and Vågå.<ref name =S>Gerhard Schøning: "Reise som giennem en Deel af Norge i de Aar 1773, 1774, 1775 paa Hans Majestets Kongens Bekostning er giort og beskreven af Gerhard Schøning", [Travel through a part of Norway in the years 1773, 1774, and 1775 paid by the Royal Majesty and undertaken and reported by G. S.], special edition related to Gudbrandsdalen and Hedemarken; Tapir publishing company, Trondheim 1980; p. 73.</ref> This trend continued. In 1808 Bailiff Torstein Andvord confiscated and sealed by direction (the bailiff was responsible for tax collection in rural districts) a total of 122 distilleries in the municipality of [[Lom]] according to the ting records.<ref>State Archives of Hamar, Kristians County, in delivery (A), package 159 (letter from the bailiff [top operational administrative official in the county] to governor [chief administrative official of a county]), letter from governor Torstein Andvord, dated at Samstad on 16 May 1808. (It is evident from the bailiff's accounts of Gudbrandsdal for the year 1800 that it is illegal to distill liquor at home and to sell liquor, unless done as part of an inn. On May 29, 1807 distilling spirits from grains other than wheat was banned in Denmark and Norway, and on April 14, 1808 a circular was published banning all liquor distilling. Source: “King Christian VII regulations and directives” (1807), page 53 and accompanying; from the august Wessel Berg: “Receipts, Resolutions and Collegial letters for Norway 1660-1813”, 14 April 1806.)</ref> The perspective on alcohol in Norway of the period can be partially understood from “Every farmer is entitled to distil the produce of his own farm; and pays a trifling license duty…. A still is kept on every farm, not merely for the sake of the spirits, of which the consumption in a family is very great… The spirit is distilled twice for the use of the family, and flavoured with aniseed. It is strong and fiery, but not harsh or ill-tasted. What has been only once distilled has not so raw and unpleasant a taste as new whiskey. The Norwegian gentry seem to prefer it as a dram, when twice distilled, to Cognac brandy.”<ref> JOURNAL of a RESIDENCE IN NORWAY during THE YEARS 1834, 1835, & 1836; MADE WITH A VIEW TO ENQUIRE INTO THE MORAL AND POLITICAL ECONOMY OF THAT COUNTRY, AND THE CONDITION OF ITS INHABITANTS, by SAMUEL LAING, ESQ. Second Edition LONDON: PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, ORME, BROWN, GREEN, AND LONGMANS, PATERNOSTER-ROW. 1837.</ref>

	The Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy was in favor of temperance (according to Ivar Kleiven) ~~and would, in the Norwegian system, been responsible for promoting it~~. Hence it is easy to understand that he would strongly discourage drinking by his sexton.		Before the 1800s temperance in use of alcohol was very rarely advocated or practiced and was a movement that gained momentum in the early 1800s.<ref>State Archives of Hamar, Kristians County, in delivery (A), package 159 (letter from the bailiff [top operational administrative official in the county] to governor [chief administrative official of a county]), letter from governor Torstein Andvord, dated at Samstad on 16 May 1808. (It is evident from the bailiff's accounts of Gudbrandsdal for the year 1800 that it is illegal to distill liquor at home and to sell liquor, unless done as part of an inn. On May 29, 1807 distilling spirits from grains other than wheat was banned in Denmark and Norway, and on April 14, 1808 a circular was published banning all liquor distilling. Source: “King Christian VII regulations and directives” (1807), page 53 and accompanying; from the august Wessel Berg: “Receipts, Resolutions and Collegial letters for Norway 1660-1813”, 14 April 1806.)</ref> Several temperance societies began in the 1830s in Norway and an organized temperance movement began in 1844. The Priest Pedar Alstrup Jordhøy was in favor of temperance (according to Ivar Kleiven). Hence it is easy to understand that he would strongly discourage drinking by his sexton.

	===Self satisfaction===		===Self satisfaction===

Wiborg: /* Service as assistant sexton */

2014-02-18T22:31:06Z

Service as assistant sexton

← Eldre sideversjon		Sideversjonen fra 18. feb. 2014 kl. 22:31
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	Per Berg indicates that Anders Wiborg became assistant sexton to his father for Lesja parish in 1785 because his father’s health was poor. Since Fredrik Wiborg was at least 70 years of age at the time, this is likely. Per Berg further specifies the ailment as several broken bones, but does not cite his source for this information.<ref name=B/> GS Wiborg points out that Ivar Kleiven reported Minister Peder Alstrup Jordhøy in Lesja broke his leg and became crippled on one side after slipping on the ice in 1800. GS Wiborg suggests that this is not to say that the older sexton Wiborg in Lesja didn't also suffer from a serious fracture, but when the primary source is not provided it is difficult for an outside reviewer to know where to find confirmation for such a detail.<ref name=W/> Regardless of questions on the motivation, sources do agree that Anders Wiborg became assistant sexton when Minister Peder Alstrup Jordhøy first arrived in Lesja.		Per Berg indicates that Anders Wiborg became assistant sexton to his father for Lesja parish in 1785 because his father’s health was poor. Since Fredrik Wiborg was at least 70 years of age at the time, this is likely. Per Berg further specifies the ailment as several broken bones, but does not cite his source for this information.<ref name=B/> GS Wiborg points out that Ivar Kleiven reported Minister Peder Alstrup Jordhøy in Lesja broke his leg and became crippled on one side after slipping on the ice in 1800. GS Wiborg suggests that this is not to say that the older sexton Wiborg in Lesja didn't also suffer from a serious fracture, but when the primary source is not provided it is difficult for an outside reviewer to know where to find confirmation for such a detail.<ref name=W/> Regardless of questions on the motivation, sources do agree that Anders Wiborg became assistant sexton when Minister Peder Alstrup Jordhøy first arrived in Lesja.

	Together with his father, Anders Johan bought Sili-Systugu in 1788 for 598 riksdalers, recombining Sili as a single farm. Anders took over operation of the farm became sexton after his father.<ref name=K/>		Together with his father, Anders Johan bought Sili-Systugu in 1788 for 598 riksdalers, recombining Sili as a single farm. Anders took over operation of the farm became sexton after his father.<ref name=Kj/>

	He had also inherited some of his father’s drive and enterprise. Tore Pryser indicates in an article “from farming class to middle class” that Anders Wiborg, as a farmer, was known as the first in the township/parish to use a plow with an iron mold board.<ref name=T>Fryser, Tore: Frå bondestand til middelklasse. Lesja historielag, Årsskrift 1994, page 105.</ref>		He had also inherited some of his father’s drive and enterprise. Tore Pryser indicates in an article “from farming class to middle class” that Anders Wiborg, as a farmer, was known as the first in the township/parish to use a plow with an iron mold board.<ref name=T>Fryser, Tore: Frå bondestand til middelklasse. Lesja historielag, Årsskrift 1994, page 105.</ref>